Summary of the talk given to the 22nd Conference on the History of Logic, Cracow (Poland), July 5–9, 1976.

We introduce a tool for analysing models of $\text {CT}^-$, the compositional truth theory over Peano Arithmetic. We present a new proof of Lachlan’s theorem that the arithmetical part of models of $\text {CT}^-$ are recursively saturated. We also use this tool to provide a new proof of theorem from [8] that all models of $\text {CT}^-$ carry a partial inductive truth predicate. Finally, we construct a partial truth predicate defined for a set of formulae whose syntactic depth forms a (...) nonstandard cut which cannot be extended to a full truth predicate satisfying $\text {CT}^-$. (shrink)

Machine ethics and robot rights are quickly becoming hot topics in artificial intelligence and robotics communities. We will argue that attempts to attribute moral agency and assign rights to all intelligent machines are misguided, whether applied to infrahuman or superhuman AIs, as are proposals to limit the negative effects of AIs by constraining their behavior. As an alternative, we propose a new science of safety engineering for intelligent artificial agents based on maximizing for what humans value. In particular, we challenge (...) the scientific community to develop intelligent systems that have human-friendly values that they provably retain, even under recursive self-improvement. (shrink)

This paper attempts to formalize and to address the ‘leakproofing’ of the Singularity problem presented by David Chalmers. The paper begins with the definition of the Artificial Intelligence Confinement Problem. After analysis of existing solutions and their shortcomings, a protocol is proposed aimed at making a more secure confinement environment which might delay potential negative effect from the technological singularity while allowing humanity to benefit from the superintelligence.

The Habermasian concept of ‘interest’ has had a profound effect on the characterization of scientific disciplines. Going beyond issues unrelated to the theory itself, intra‐theoretical interest characterizes the specific ways of approaching any science‐related discipline, defining research topics and methodologies. This approach was developed by Jürgen Habermas in relation to empirical–analytical sciences, historical–hermeneutics sciences, and critical sciences; however, he did not make any specific references to health sciences. This article aims to contribute to shaping a general epistemological framework for health (...) sciences, as well as its specific implications for the medical and nursing areas, via an analysis of the basic knowledge interests developed by Habermas. (shrink)

The volume contains twenty essays devoted to the philosophy of mathematics and the history of logic. They have been divided into four parts: general philosophical problems of mathematics, Hilbert's program vs. the incompleteness phenomenon, philosophy of mathematics in Poland, mathematical logic in Poland. Among considered problems are: epistemology of mathematics, the meaning of the axiomatic method, existence of mathematical objects, distinction between proof and truth, undefinability of truth, Goedel's theorems and computer science, philosophy of mathematics in Polish mathematical and logical (...) schools, beginnings of mathematical logic in Poland, contribution of Polish logicians to recursion theory. (shrink)

We develop multi-conclusion nested sequent calculi for the fifteen logics of the intuitionistic modal cube between IK and IS5. The proof of cut-free completeness for all logics is provided both syntactically via a Maehara-style translation and semantically by constructing an infinite birelational countermodel from a failed proof search. Interestingly, the Maehara-style translation for proving soundness syntactically fails due to the hierarchical structure of nested sequents. Consequently, we only provide the semantic proof of soundness. The countermodel construction used to prove completeness (...) required a completely novel approach to deal with two independent sources of non-termination in the proof search present in the case of transitive and Euclidean logics. (shrink)

Im Blickpunkt dieses Bandes steht das Wechselverhältnis zweier prägender Traditionen moderner deutschsprachiger Philosophie: der Kritischen Theorie und der Philosophischen Anthropologie. Über das gesamte 20. Jahrhundert hinweg blieb der Austausch zwischen diesen Ansätzen, wo er überhaupt zu Stande kam, von Vorbehalten geprägt. Gegenwärtig allerdings lässt sich, jenseits überkommener schulpolitischer Gräben, ein neuartiges Interesse beider Strömungen füreinander wahrnehmen. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes treffen sich in dem Versuch, die jeweiligen Hauptanliegen und Gegenstandsfelder der Kritischen Theorie respektive der Philosophischen Anthropologie über deren direkten Dialog (...) produktiv zu aktualisieren: Inwiefern lassen sich die genuinen Themen der einen Tradition auf Seiten der je anderen rekonstruieren? Und worin bleiben sich beide Denkweisen letztlich doch fremd? Das vorliegende Buch stellt in der Forschung den ersten systematischen Versuch dar, diese Fragen für gesellschaftstheoretische und anthropologische Problemstellungen fruchtbar zu machen. (shrink)

Авторами розглянуто вплив провідних світових кредитних рейтингових агентств на фінансову безпеку емітентів цінних паперів. Обґрунтовано перформативний характер діяльності кредитних рейтингових агентств з позицій моделі «Les economies de la grandeur» нового соціологічного французького інституціоналізму, що дає змогу розв’язати протиріччя щодо сильної опозиції стосовно їх функціонування з одночасним збереженням діючої системи нормативного використання кредитних рейтингів.

By the end of his life Plato had rearranged the theory of ideas into his teaching about ideal numbers, but no written records have been left. The Ideal mathematics of Plato is present in all his dialogues. It can be clearly grasped in relation to the effective use of mathematical modelling. Many problems of mathematical modelling were laid in the foundation of the method by cutting the three-level idealism of Plato to the single-level “ideism” of Aristotle. For a long time, (...) the real, ideal numbers of Plato’s Ideal mathematics eliminates many mathematical problems, extends the capabilities of modelling, and improves mathematics. (shrink)

In order to „open us fuller and better to Europe", we are starting with a new review FORUM PHILOSOPHICUM. FORUM will be published once a year in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Polish. The articles in Polish will be followed by extensive summaries in foreign languages. Since we do not renounce Polish speaking readers, the articles in foreign languages are also followed by extensive summaries in Polish.

Poniższe opracowanie obejmuje zasadniczo wiek XX. Nawiązuje jednak do pewnych dokumentów i faktów z XIX w., które miały znaczny wpływ na kształt filozofii jezuitów w XX w. Chodzi zwłaszcza o nową wersję dawnej Ratio studiorum z 1832 r. oraz o encyklikę Aeterni Patris z 1879 r. Badając dzieje filozofii jezuitów w Polsce, można wyróżnić: 1) filozofia związana z nauczaniem, głównie w Wydziale Filozoficznym Towarzystwa Jezusowego w Krakowie, oraz 2) filozofia pozaszkolna, a więc nie związana ścisłej z nauczaniem.

Le livre presente le probleme de la transcendance de Thomme d'apres les createurs de l'Ecole de Philosophie de Lublin. Cette ecole est nee a Lublin dans le milieu de l'Universite Catholique apres la deuxieme guerre mondiale. Elle est representee par des penseurs comme M. A. Krąpiec OP et le Cardinal K. Wojtyła. Ces deux philosophes ont aborde, dans leurs recherches, des problemes anthropologiques et ils ont presente une theorie interessante de l'homme. Dans leur theorie, la transcendance de l'homme est mise (...) en relief d'une fagon particuliere. C'est la dimension de I'homme qui decide de la priorite de son etre, de sa dignite et de sa valeur parmi les autres etres dans le monde. (shrink)

Józef Alojzy [Josephus Aloisius] Dmowski was one of the precursors of the nineteenth century renewal of Thomism and this was a few dozen years before the promulgation of Pope Leo XIII's encyclical, Aeterni Patris. He was one of the most famous Christian philosophers of the nineteenth century. His work was also the first extensive philosophy textbook of that time which included a l l the disciplines of the time, published by the Jesuits after the re-establishment of the Order in 1814.. (...) Until now Dmowski's philosophy has not been the subject of an extensive study. I aim to remedy this in the present article. (shrink)

Pierwsza grupa jezuitów przybyła do Polski w jesieni 1564 r. Na początku następnego roku otwarli oni w Braniewie na Warmii kolegium z pięcioklasową szkołą średnią oraz Internat, zwany Konwiktem Szlacheckim. Już w r. 1566 wprowadzili wykłady dialektyki w klasie wymowy i kontynuowali je przez następne dwa lata. Wykłady te były początkowo przeznaczone dla konwiktorów oraz towarzyszących im zwykle wychowawców, a także dla eksternów. Pierwszym wykładowcą dialektyki w Braniewie był jezuita czeski Baltazar Hostounsky. W lecie 1565 r. został on wiceprowincjałem w (...) Polsce z zadaniem czuwania nad kolegium w Braniewie, w którym naukę pobierało ponad 200 uczniów, oraz nad początkami fundacji kolegium w Pułtusku. Hostounsky uważał, ze system szkolny jezuitów należy przystosować do tradycji szkoły polskiej, m.in. przez wprowadzenie do programu nauczania matematyki, a zwłaszcza dialektyki. (shrink)

Father Jakub Gorczyca, a Polish Jesuit, is a professor of philosophy at the Gregorian University in Rome. The subject of his particular concern is the set of problems encountered in philosophical anthropology, fundamental ethics and the philosophy of religion. Gorczyca draws philosophical inspiration from the intellectual tradition of Christianity, from phenomenology, and from the philosophy of dialogue.

Jusqu'a nos jours, il n'existait dans la litterature qu'un nombre restreint de mentions et de brefs articles sur Ortiz. Dans cette etude, mon propos est de presenter d'abord les etapes de la vie d'Ortiz, en me basant avant tout sur les sources manuscrites de son epoque, puisees dans les Archives Centrales des Jesuites a Rome. Je donnerai ensuite une description de son oeuvre philosophique et j'exposerai ses conceptions philosophiques principales. Ortiz fut egalement un theologien; son activite dans ce domaine depasse (...) evidemment les limites du present article. (shrink)

Jan Sieg, Sohn von Marceli und Teresa, geb. Rhunke, wurde am 20. Oktober 1919 in Płocicz, im Kreis Sępólno Krajeńskie in Pommern geboren. In den Jahren 1930 bis 1938 besuchte er die Oberschule in Chojnice und legte dort die Reifeprüfung ab. Am 28. September 1940 ist er dem Jesuitenorden beigetreten, woraufhin er in Stara Wieś bei Krosno ein zweijähriges Noviziat absolvierte. Er studierte Philosophie in Nowy Sącz und Theologie in Stara Wieś und in Krakau. Ordiniert wurde er am 29. Juni (...) in Stara Wieś. (shrink)

Book review: Contemporary Polish Ontology. Skowron, B., Philosophical Analysis, 82. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 2020. pp.320.

In Spain, the state of alarm declared on March 14, 2020 caused changes in the population in relation to the habits of physical activity and sports practice. This study analyzed what motivational variables predicted the self-efficacy and commitment to sports practice, as well as the differences according to gender, during lockdown and the progressive de-escalation caused by COVID-19, using the theory of self-determination as a theoretical framework. The study sample was conformed of 179 subjects between 18 and 65 years of (...) age. The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale, the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy scale, and the Sport Commitment scale were applied. The most relevant results have showed significant differences in favor of the male gender in terms of levels of controlled motivation and amotivation, as well as higher levels of self-efficacy and basic psychological need of autonomy. Furthermore, the regression analysis has revealed that self-efficacy and current commitment to sports practice were explained by a variance of 57 and 64%, respectively, due to autonomous motivation and the basic psychological need of competence. Therefore, the basic psychological need of competence should be fostered in order to increase the levels of self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, and commitment to sports practice of the population. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the philosophical views concerning mathematics of the founders of the so called Warsaw Mathematical School, i.e., Wacław Sierpiński, Zygmunt Janiszewski and Stefan Mazurkiewicz. Their interest in the philosophy of mathematics and their philosophical papers will be considered. We shall try to answer the question whether their philosophical views influenced their proper mathematical investigations. Their views towards set theory and its rôle in mathematics will be emphasized.

The traditions of theological education in Ukraine have been around for more than a millennium. Whatever version of the adoption of Christianity in Russia was not accepted - "Saint-Andrew", "Korsun", "Bulgarian" or "Great Moravian", after Christianity became an official religion in our territories, in the monasteries and cathedrals functioning institutions that were preparing frames for pastoral labor. At all times in Ukraine, future priests were taught and educated exclusively by mentors of the spiritual dignity. In 1929, when the Lviv Theological (...) Academy was formed on the initiative of the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Metropolitan Andriy Sheptytsky, a fundamental modification took place in the issue of the selection of faculty members for this educational institution. (shrink)

Авторами рассмотрены основные подходы к моделированию процесса принятия финансово- экономических решений в контексте учета поведенческого фактора соблюдения принятых со- циальных норм, что позволяет выйти за рамки классического представления о мотивации экономических агентов. Ключевые слова: социальная норма, моральные эмоции, экономико-математическое моделирование, процесс принятия решений, «теория игр».